The land use form data were derived from the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (http://www.wudapt.org/).

Demographical data were extracted from the 2010 Population Census data of the People's Republic of China.

Economic data were derived from the Third National Economic Census of the People's Republic of China.

Transport accessibility data were compiled by the research team.

© SPA-lab, Manchester Urban Institute, University of Manchester

contains Chinese official Population Census data, Economic Census Data, and the WUDAPT level 0 data and product of Jing-Jin-Ji region